RESUMEN Introducción: El sobrepeso y la obesidad presentan un rápido crecimiento en el mundo, con un mayor riesgo de enfermedades crónicas. Las estrategias nutricionales son de gran interés para el control y pérdida de peso, como la influencia de la frecuencia y el horario de alimentación. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la frecuencia y horario de alimentación con el sobrepeso y obesidad en población adulta trujillana de 30 a 70 años. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo. Se incluyó una muestra de 160 participantes, entre 30 y 70 años; los datos se recolectaron mediante una encuesta virtual. Los participantes se clasificaron en un grupo de peso normal establecido por IMC entre 18.5-24.9 y un grupo de sobrepeso-obesidad establecido por IMC mayor o igual a 25. Se utilizó un cuestionario validado por expertos para evaluar la frecuencia y horario de alimentación. Resultados: De los 160 participantes, el 61.88% fue de sexo femenino, el 40% tuvo una edad entre 30-39 años. El grupo de peso normal se conformó por 60 participantes; y el de sobrepeso-obesidad, por 100 participantes. En el análisis estadístico, se evidenció una diferencia significativa entre el nivel de actividad física bajo-moderado (p=0.019), la frecuencia de alimentación no presentó diferencia significativa (p=0.477) y dentro del horario de alimentación, el consumo de cena posterior a las 8:00 pm presentó diferencia significativa (p=0.021), así como el consumo de intermedios posterior a las 5:00 pm (p=0.016). Conclusión: Consumir alimentos durante la noche en un horario posterior a las 8:00 pm se asocia significativamente a riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad; mientras que en la frecuencia de alimentación no se presenta.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Overweight and obesity present rapid growth in the world, with an increased risk of chronic diseases. Nutritional strategies are of great interest for weight control and loss, as is the influence of feeding frequency and schedule. Objective: To determine the relationship between feeding frequency and schedule with overweight and obesity in the Trujilloan adult population aged 30 to 70. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. A sample of 160 participants aged between 30 and 70 years was included; the data were collected through a virtual survey. Participants were classified into a normal weight group established by BMI between 18.5-24.9 and an overweight-obesity group established by BMI greater than or equal to 25. An expert-validated questionnaire was used to assess feeding frequency and schedule. Results: Of the 160 participants, 61.88% were of the female sex, and 40% had aged between 30-39 years. The normal weight group was conformed of 60 participants, and the overweight obesity consisted of overweight-obesity per 100 participants. In the statistical analysis, a significant difference was evidenced between the low-moderate physical activity level (p=0.019), the feeding frequency presented no significant difference (p=0.477), and within the feeding schedule, the post-dinner consumption at 8:00 pm presented a significant difference (p=0.021), as well as the consumption of intermediates after 5:00 pm (p=0.016). Conclusion: Consume food during the evening at a time after 8:00 pm is significantly associated with risk of overweight and obesity; while at the feed frequency it is not presented.

ABSTRACT The fundamental objective of this article is to shed light on the legal content of labor and labor rights within the framework of the new Constitution. Therefore, the new configuration of the so-called social labor rights was addressed and the doctrine of the International Labor Organization (ILO) on decent work and rights at work was taken into account. All this is justified by the new conception of the Cuban socialist state based on the rule of law and social justice founded on work.

RESUMEN El objetivo fundamental de este artículo es dar luces sobre el contenido jurídico del trabajo y los derechos laborales en el marco de la nueva Constitución. Por ello se abordó la nueva configuración de los denominados derechos sociales laborales y se tuvo en cuenta la doctrina de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) sobre trabajo decente y derechos en el trabajo. Todo esto se justifica por la nueva concepción del Estado cubano socialista de derecho y de justicia social fundado en el trabajo.

ABSTRACT: COVID-19 has generated an unprecedented economic and social crisis. For the ILO, the employment crisis numerically exceeds that left after the second World War, hence the need implement labor protection mechanisms to protect workers and their main sources of satisfaction of needs. Wages. Cuba has implemented social protection measures aimed at protecting workers´ job stability. Likewise, it has meant adapting the work organization and its legal rules to the new normal and to equitable protection for all economic actors. On the transformations carried out in these times, and the remains that the Cuban State assumes in pursuit of a country of “social justice” the following article of scientific reflection refers to.

RESUMEN: La COVID-19 ha generado una crisis económica y social sin precedentes. Para la OIT, la crisis de empleo sobrepasa, numéricamente, la dejada tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial; de ahí la necesidad de implementar mecanismos de protección laboral para resguardar a los trabajadores y su principal fuente de satisfacción de necesidades: el salario. Cuba ha implementado medidas de protección social destinadas a proteger la estabilidad en el empleo de los trabajadores. Asimismo, ha significado adaptar la organización del trabajo y sus normas jurídicas a la nueva normalidad y a una protección equitativa para todos los actores económicos. Sobre las transformaciones llevadas a cabo en estos tiempos, y los restos que asume el Estado cubano en pos de un país de «justicia social», versa el siguiente artículo de reflexión científica.

ABSTRACT COVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus that represents a serious threat to global health. The objective of the article is to deepen into the structure of the non-structural proteins (Nsp1-16) and structural proteins (Spike, Envelope, Mmebrane and Nucleocapside) of SARS-CoV-2 and their role during the infection of its target cells; also to propose molecules from in silico studies that inhibit proteins of the viral cycle for potential pharmacological treatments. The SARS-CoV-2 genome has ORF1a and ORF1ab that encode sixteen non-structural proteins (Nsp1-16), as well as thirteen ORFs that encode four structural proteins and nine accessory proteins. The Nsps participate both in the viral cycle, being Nsp3 and Nsp5 responsible for the cleavage of polyproteins 1a and 1ab for the subsequent formation of the replica-transcriptase complex, and favoring the progress of the viral infection. The S protein mediates the union and fusion of the virus to the host cell through its subunits S1 and S2, respectively; however, it must be previously activated by proteases such as TMPRSS2, furin, trypsin or catepsins. On the other hand, the E, M and N proteins participate in the assembly of the virus and until now the functions of the accessory proteins are unknown. Also, in silico studies of drugs such as disulfiram and viomycin, and molecules found in plants as Azadirachta indica, the tea plant, and Andrographis paniculata have shown inhibitory effects on the SARS-CoV-2 viral cycle.

RESUMEN La COVID-19 es una enfermedad causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, que representa una grave amenaza para la salud mundial. El objetivo de este artículo es profundizar en la estructura de las proteínas no estructurales (Nsp1-16) y estructurales (Spike, Envoltura, Membrana y Nucleocápside) del SARS-CoV-2, su rol durante la infección a sus células diana; asimismo plantear moléculas de estudios in silico que inhiben a las proteínas del ciclo viral para posibles tratamientos farmacológicos. El genoma del SARS-CoV-2 presenta los ORF1a y ORF1ab que codifican dieciséis proteínas no estructurales (Nsps), así como trece ORFs que codifican cuatro proteínas estructurales y nueve accesorias. Las Nsps participan tanto en el ciclo viral, siendo Nsp3 y Nsp5 responsables del clivaje de las poliproteinas 1a y 1ab para la posterior formación del complejo replicasa-transcriptasa, como favoreciendo el progreso de la infección viral. La proteína S media la unión y fusión del virus a la célula huésped a través de sus subunidades S1 y S2, respectivamente; sin embargo, se debe activar previamente por proteasas como TMPRSS2, furina, tripsina o catepsinas. Por otra parte, las proteínas E, M y N participan en el ensamblaje del virus y hasta el momento se desconoce las funciones de las proteínas accesorias. Asimismo, estudios in silico de medicamentos como el disulfiram y el viomycin, y moléculas de la Azadirachta indica, la planta de té y la Andrographis paniculata han mostrado efectos inhibitorios en el ciclo viral del SARS-CoV-2.

Abstract Acute pancreatitis is a rare condition in pregnancy, associated with a high mortality rate. Hypertriglyceridemia represents its second most common cause.We present the case of a 38-year-old woman in the 24th week of gestation with a history of hypertriglyceridemia and recurrent episodes of pancreatitis. She was admitted to our hospital with acute pancreatitis due to severe hypertriglyceridemia. She was stabilized and treated with fibrates. Despite her favorable clinical course, she developed a second episode of acute pancreatitis complicated by multi-organ dysfunction and pancreatic necrosis, requiring a necrosectomy. The pregnancy was ended by cesarean section, after which three plasmapheresis sessions were performed. She is currently asymptomatic with stable triglyceride levels. Acute pancreatitis due to hypertriglyceridemia represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in pregnant women, associated with serious maternal and fetal complications. When primary hypertriglyceridemia is suspected, such as familial chylomicronemia syndrome, the most important objective is preventing the onset of pancreatitis.

Abstract This article analyzes the constitutional legal configuration of the right to freedom of association of workers in the Cuban Constitution of 2019.Part of its constitutional recognition within the right of association, a trend inherited from the countries of the Socialist Block of the XXI Century, outlining criteria around its essential content as a fundamental right and the response, of its current regulation, to face other labor rights collectives recognized in the national legal system and the constitutional guarantees of their exercise.

Resumen: El presente artículo de reflexión analiza la configuración jurídico constitucional del derecho a la libertad sindical de los trabajadores en la Constitución cubana de 2019. Parte de su reconocimiento constitucional dentro del derecho de asociación, tendencia heredada de los países del Bloque Socialista del siglo XX, esbozando criterios en torno a su contenido esencial como derecho fundamental y la respuesta, de su regulación actual, para hacerle frente a otros derechos laborales colectivos reconocidos en la ordenación jurídica nacional y las garantías constitucionales de su ejercicio.

Background Education is the mainstay of medical management of chronic non communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Aim To assess the effects of a multimedia diabetes education intervention and nutritional therapy on lifestyle changes and metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods We studied 219 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 56 ± 8 years (28% males). They received education through a multimedia site about control indicators, complications, nutrition and physical exercise, among others. They also received a personalized nutritional therapy. They were followed-up for one year. At baseline and the end of follow up they were weighed, and their waist circumference and blood pressure were measured. A fasting blood sample was withdrawn to measure glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and lipid profile. Lifestyles were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire called IMEVID. Results The median duration of diabetes was six years. During the follow up, patients had a significant reduction in body weight, waist circumference and blood pressure and improvements in glycosylated hemoglobin, HDL and LDL cholesterol. Seven and 13% of patients reported favorable lifestyles at baseline and the end of follow up, respectively (p < 0.01). Compared with their counterparts with unfavorable lifestyles, patients with a favorable lifestyle had a significantly lower weight and glycosylated hemoglobin at the end of follow up. Conclusions The educational intervention along with nutritional therapy improved metabolic control and lifestyles in this group of diabetic patients.

ABSTRACT Since 2004, the electronic cigarette (EC) is available, a device that heats nicotine and administers it as part of a vapor. We present a narrative review of the EC and its effect on health. Its use is to stop smoking, in which the evidence is low, and ends up being used at the same time as the cigarette they could not quit. In addition, those who never smoked, mainly teenagers and young people, begin consumption. Its use rais es the levels of nicotine, particles, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbo nyls and metals such as aluminum. In vitro, the EC causes inflammation, oxidative stress and is toxic to multiple cell types, including lung, endothelial and stem cells. Produces increased susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections. Compared to cigarettes, the EC produces a larger and more intense number of deleted genes. At bronchoscopy the airways are friable and erythematous, and the bronchial epithelium with a differentiated protein expression. It has been associated with cough, bronchitis symptoms and the respiratory failure by pneumonitis epidemic that has led several dozen people to death. Because of its harmful effects, the EC should only be used by medical prescription, as a measure to help quit tobacco, and its use in indoor and public environments be prohibited. As the EC components responsible for the associated deaths have not been determined, their use should be banned until these factors are known.

RESUMEN Desde el 2004 se dispone del cigarrillo electrónico (CE), dispositivo que calienta nicotina y la administra formando parte de un vapor. Presentamos una revisión narrativa del CE y su efecto en la salud. Su uso es para dejar de fumar, en lo que la evidencia es baja, terminando usándolo a la vez que el cigarrillo que no pudieron dejar. Además, los que nunca fumaron, principalmente adolescentes y jóvenes, se inician en su consumo. Su uso eleva en el aire los niveles de nicotina, partículas, compuestos orgánicos volátiles, hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos, carbonilos y metales como aluminio. In vitro el CE causa infla mación, estrés oxidativo y es tóxico para múltiples tipos de células, incluyendo células pulmonares, en doteliales y células madre. Produce incremento de la susceptibilidad a infecciones virales y bacterianas. Comparado con cigarrillos, el CE produce un número mayor y más intenso de genes suprimidos. A la broncoscopia las vías aéreas están friables y eritematosas, y el epitelio bronquial con expresión diferen ciada de proteínas. Se le ha asociado con tos, síntomas de bronquitis y con la epidemia de insuficiencia respiratoria por neumonitis que ha llevado a varias decenas de personas a la muerte. Por sus efectos dañinos el CE debería solo usarse por prescripción médica, como una medida para ayudar a dejar el tabaco, y estar prohibido su uso en interiores y ambientes públicos. Como no se han determinado los componentes del CE responsables de las muertes asociadas, su uso debería ser proscrito hasta que se conozcan cuáles son estos factores.

ABSTRACT Since 2004, the electronic cigarette (EC) is available, a device that heats nicotine and administers it as part of a vapor. We present a narrative review of the EC and its effect on health. Its use is to stop smoking, in which the evidence is low, and ends up being used at the same time as the cigarette they could not quit. In addition, those who never smoked, mainly teenagers and young people, begin consumption. Its use rais es the levels of nicotine, particles, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbo nyls and metals such as aluminum. In vitro, the EC causes inflammation, oxidative stress and is toxic to multiple cell types, including lung, endothelial and stem cells. Produces increased susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections. Compared to cigarettes, the EC produces a larger and more intense number of deleted genes. At bronchoscopy the airways are friable and erythematous, and the bronchial epithelium with a differentiated protein expression. It has been associated with cough, bronchitis symptoms and the respiratory failure by pneumonitis epidemic that has led several dozen people to death. Because of its harmful effects, the EC should only be used by medical prescription, as a measure to help quit tobacco, and its use in indoor and public environments be prohibited. As the EC components responsible for the associated deaths have not been determined, their use should be banned until these factors are known.

RESUMEN Desde el 2004 se dispone del cigarrillo electrónico (CE), dispositivo que calienta nicotina y la administra formando parte de un vapor. Presentamos una revisión narrativa del CE y su efecto en la salud. Su uso es para dejar de fumar, en lo que la evidencia es baja, terminando usándolo a la vez que el cigarrillo que no pudieron dejar. Además, los que nunca fumaron, principalmente adolescentes y jóvenes, se inician en su consumo. Su uso eleva en el aire los niveles de nicotina, partículas, compuestos orgánicos volátiles, hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos, carbonilos y metales como aluminio. In vitro el CE causa infla mación, estrés oxidativo y es tóxico para múltiples tipos de células, incluyendo células pulmonares, en doteliales y células madre. Produce incremento de la susceptibilidad a infecciones virales y bacterianas. Comparado con cigarrillos, el CE produce un número mayor y más intenso de genes suprimidos. A la broncoscopia las vías aéreas están friables y eritematosas, y el epitelio bronquial con expresión diferen ciada de proteínas. Se le ha asociado con tos, síntomas de bronquitis y con la epidemia de insuficiencia respiratoria por neumonitis que ha llevado a varias decenas de personas a la muerte. Por sus efectos dañinos el CE debería solo usarse por prescripción médica, como una medida para ayudar a dejar el tabaco, y estar prohibido su uso en interiores y ambientes públicos. Como no se han determinado los componentes del CE responsables de las muertes asociadas, su uso debería ser proscrito hasta que se conozcan cuáles son estos factores.

OBJECTIVES: Physician compliance with standard precautions is important in the specialty of gynecology and obstetrics because of the high frequency of invasive procedures. The current study investigated compliance with standard precautions among resident physicians working in gynecology and obstetrics. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted among resident physicians in gynecology and obstetrics in their first (R1), second (R2) and third (R3) years of residency at a teaching hospital in a city in São Paulo. A structured questionnaire that included demographic and professional aspects and the Standard Precautions Adherence Scale were used to collect data. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM® SPSS version 20. Ethical aspects were considered. RESULTS: Fifty-eight resident physicians participated in the study. Of the enrolled participants, 27 (46.6%) were in R1, 12 (20.7%) were in R2 and 19 (32.8%) were in R3. The standard precautions compliance score was 4.1, which was classified as intermediate. There were no significant differences in the compliance scores of the resident physicians across the three years of residency (H=2.34, p=0.310). CONCLUSION: Compliance with standard precautions among resident physicians was intermediate. Preventive measures in clinical practice are not fully adopted in the specialty of gynecology and obstetrics. More important, many professionals claimed lack of sufficient training in standard precautions in the workplace. Such circumstances should draw the attention of hospital management with regard to occupational health risks.

Introduction: hemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder; its incidence is almost constant in different populations. Since the 80th decade a multidisciplinary group for the care of patients with hemophilia was created at the Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología. Nowadays a national comprehensive care program allows patients to receive a continuous monitoring and an effective treatment. Objective: to know prevalence of patients with hemophilia in Cuba. Results: data of 229 patients from 5 provinces and the special municipality Isla de la Juventud were included, which covered 58,71% of the total patients registered in Cuba. The information included demographic data, severity of hemophilia, presence of inhibitors and infection status for viral diseases. Hemophilia A patients were 188 (82.10%) and 41 (17.90%) with hemophilia B. The disease was severe in 56.33 % of patients, moderate in 24 %, and mild in 19.70 %. Inhibitors were present in 17.03 % of the patients. Human immunodeficiency virus infection was present only in 0.87 % of patients and hepatitis C virus infection in 39.03 %. The mean age at diagnosis was 2.15 years. Conclusions: the general age-adjusted prevalence was 9.63 cases of hemophilia per 100 000 male and the main prevalence of patients was found in ages between 20 and 59 years.

Introducción:la hemofilia es una enfermedad hemorrágica con una incidencia casi constante para diferentes poblaciones. Desde la década del 80 del pasado siglo, en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología se creó un grupo multidisciplinario de especialistas para la atención del paciente con hemofilia. En la actualidad existe un programa nacional de atención integral al hemofílico que permite el monitoreo continuo y el tratamiento adecuado. Objetivo: conocerla prevalencia de la hemofilia en Cuba. Métodos:se incluyeron los datos de 229 pacientes procedentes de 5 provincias cubanas y el municipio especial Isla de la Juventud (según la división política-administrativa previa), que representan el 58,1 % de los pacientes registrados. Los datos incluyeron aspectos demográficos, gravedad de la enfermedad, presencia de inhibidores y de infecciones transmitidas por las transfusiones. Resultados: los pacientes con hemofilia A fueron 188 (82,10 %) y 41 (17,90 %) con hemofilia B. El 56,33 % de los pacientes presentaron la enfermedad en forma severa, 24 % moderada y 19,7 % leve. Los inhibidores se encontraron en el 17,03 % de los casos. La infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana estuvo presente solamente e el 0,87 % de los pacientes, y la hepatitis C en el 39,03 %. La edad media al diagnóstico fue de 2.15 años. Conclusiones: la prevalencia general ajustada a la edad fue de 9,63 casos de hemofilia por 100 000 varones y la mayor prevalencia de pacientes se encontró en las edades entre 20 y 59 años.

Staphylococcus aureus is considered one of the most important micro-organisms in the daily medical practice. It can cause a wide range of diseases either by direct action or through the toxins. At present, it is extremely complex to treat these infections, since methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains have emerged in the community setting, leading to infections affecting patients without risk factors, mainly children and adolescents. This article reviewed the changes of this pathogen in epidemiology and the implications of this event for the medical treatment.

El Staphylococcus aureus está considerado uno de los microorganismos más importantes en la práctica médica diaria. Es capaz de provocar una amplia gama de enfermedades, ya sea por acción directa o mediante la acción de sus toxinas. El tratamiento de estas infecciones se ha convertido en algo extraordinariamente complejo en la época actual como consecuencia de la aparición en la comunidad de cepas de S. aureus, resistentes a la meticillina, que provocan infecciones en pacientes sin factores de riesgo, fundamentalmente niños y adolescentes. En este artículo se hace una revisión, que va desde los cambios en la epidemiología de este patógeno, hasta las implicaciones que para el tratamiento médico presupone este fenómeno.

Introduction: the acute otitis media is one of the infectious diseases more frequent in childhood and it is one of the more important causes of medical consultations and prescription of antibiotic agents in cases under five years old. Objective: to determine the clinical-epidemiological behavior of disease. Methods: a prospective, longitudinal and descriptive study was conducted in 60 patients aged between 1 month and 14 years diagnosed with purulent acute otitis media seen in the "William Soler" Teaching Children Hospital during one year. Clinical data were obtained by means of patient's family and tutor survey. All underwent tympanocentesis with culture and nasopharyngeal exudates. Strains isolated (S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae) were sent to Reference National Laboratory of the "Pedro Kourí" Tropical Medicine Institute to microbiological characterization and susceptibility antimicrobial assessment. Results: disease predominates in the group between 12 and 23 years months (55 %) with a great involvement in the male sex (52 %). Fever and local manifestations related to middle ear (irritability, otalgia, and night cry) were the more frequent clinical elements. The outside home care, the to tobacco smoke exposition and the early wean were the more frequent risk factors. S. pneumoniae, non-typing H. influenzae and S. epidermidis were the germs more isolated. The 25 % of strains of S. pneumoniae had an average resistance to penicillin but there was not report of resistance to third-generation cephalosporin. The 98,4 % of patients evolved satisfactorily. The disease complications were present in the 1,6 % of cases. Conclusions: the acute otitis media is frequent in children under 36 months of age and it is highly related to presence of determined socioeconomic, environmental and genetic factors that may to be present in children.

Introducción: la otitis media aguda es una de las enfermedades infecciosas más frecuentes en la infancia, y constituye una de las causas más importantes de consultas médicas y prescripción de antibióticos en los menores de 5 años. Objetivo: determinar el comportamiento clínico epidemiológico de la enfermedad. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal prospectivo con 60 pacientes entre 1 mes y 14 años de edad con diagnóstico de otitis media aguda purulenta en el Hospital Pediátrico Docente "William Soler", durante el período de 1 año (enero a diciembre de 2008). Los datos clínicos se obtuvieron mediante una encuesta a los padres o tutores de los pacientes. A todos se les realizó timpanocentesis con cultivo y exudado nasofaríngeo. Las cepas aisladas fueron enviadas al Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de S. pneumoniae y H. influenzae del Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí" para la caracterización microbiológica y determinación de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana. Resultados: la enfermedad predominó en el grupo ubicado entre 12 y 23 meses (55 %), con mayor afectación del sexo masculino (52 %). La fiebre y las manifestaciones locales referidas a oído medio (irritabilidad, otalgia, llanto nocturno) fueron los elementos clínicos referidos con mayor frecuencia. El cuidado fuera del hogar, la exposición al humo de tabaco y el destete precoz fueron los factores de riesgo más frecuentes. S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae no tipificable y S. epidermidis fueron los gérmenes aislados con mayor frecuencia. El 25 % de las cepas de S. pneumoniae tuvieron resistencia intermedia a la penicilina, pero no se reportó resistencia a cefalosporinas de tercera generación. El 98,4 % de los pacientes evolucionaron satisfactoriamente. Las complicaciones de la enfermedad se presentaron en 1,6 % de los casos. Conclusiones: la otitis media aguda es frecuente en niños menores de 36 meses, y está muy relacionada con la presencia de determinados factores socioeconómicos, ambientales y genéticos que pueden estar presentes en la población infantil.